By: Ovation Obstetrics & Gynecology:
Uterine fibroids are one of the most common gynecological conditions affecting women—yet many women don’t realize they have them until symptoms begin to interfere with daily life. At Ovation OB/GYN, we believe that education and early awareness are key to helping women make informed decisions about their health.
Whether you’ve recently been diagnosed or are simply looking to better understand your body, here’s what you need to know about fibroids, their symptoms, and the treatment options available.
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What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids—also called leiomyomas—are noncancerous growths made up of muscle and connective tissue that develop in or on the uterus. (Cleveland Clinic)
Fibroids are extremely common, particularly during a woman’s reproductive years. In fact, many women will develop fibroids at some point in their lives, though not all will experience symptoms. (Mayo Clinic)
These growths can vary widely in size and number. Some fibroids are so small they go unnoticed, while others can grow large enough to change the shape of the uterus or cause visible abdominal swelling. (Mayo Clinic)
The good news is that fibroids are almost always benign (noncancerous) and rarely pose a serious health risk.
Types of Fibroids
Fibroids are typically classified based on where they grow in the uterus:
- Intramural fibroids: Develop within the muscular wall of the uterus
- Submucosal fibroids: Grow into the uterine cavity
- Subserosal fibroids: Form on the outer surface of the uterus (Mayo Clinic)
The type, size, and location of fibroids play a major role in determining symptoms and treatment options.
Common Symptoms of Fibroids
Many women with fibroids experience no symptoms at all. However, when symptoms do occur, they can range from mild to severe and may include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pressure or pain
- Frequent urination
- Constipation
- Lower back pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Abdominal bloating or enlargement (Mayo Clinic)
In some cases, heavy menstrual bleeding can lead to anemia, causing fatigue and weakness. (Mayo Clinic)
Because these symptoms can overlap with other conditions, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.
What Causes Fibroids?
The exact cause of uterine fibroids isn’t fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to their development:
- Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone—key reproductive hormones—appear to promote fibroid growth
- Genetics: A family history of fibroids can increase your risk
- Growth factors: Substances that regulate tissue growth may play a role (Mayo Clinic)
Fibroids often grow during reproductive years when hormone levels are higher and may shrink after menopause when hormone levels decline. (Mayo Clinic)
Certain risk factors—such as early onset of menstruation, obesity, and low vitamin D levels—may also increase the likelihood of developing fibroids. (Mayo Clinic)
How Fibroids Affect Women’s Health
While fibroids are not cancerous, they can significantly impact quality of life for some women. Heavy bleeding, chronic pain, and pressure symptoms can interfere with daily activities, work, and relationships.
Fibroids can also affect fertility and pregnancy in certain cases, particularly when they distort the uterine cavity. (Mayo Clinic)
Additionally, the emotional toll of dealing with ongoing symptoms should not be overlooked. Many women experience frustration, anxiety, or stress related to their condition—especially if symptoms go undiagnosed for a long time.
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Fibroids are often discovered during routine pelvic exams or imaging studies. Your provider may use:
- Ultrasound
- MRI (in certain cases)
- Hysteroscopy (to view the inside of the uterus)
These tools help determine the size, number, and location of fibroids, which is essential for developing an effective treatment plan.
Treatment Options for Fibroids
Treatment for fibroids depends on several factors, including symptom severity, fibroid size, and your reproductive goals. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, and many women may not need treatment at all.
- Watchful Waiting
If fibroids are not causing symptoms, your provider may recommend monitoring them over time. Many fibroids grow slowly—or not at all—and may shrink after menopause. (Mayo Clinic) - Medications
Medications can help manage symptoms such as heavy bleeding and pelvic pain. Some treatments work by regulating or temporarily suppressing hormones, which may also shrink fibroids. (Mayo Clinic) - Minimally Invasive Procedures
Options like uterine artery embolization or focused ultrasound therapy can shrink fibroids without major surgery. These treatments are often ideal for women who want to avoid more invasive procedures. - Surgical Options
- Myomectomy: Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus, often recommended for women who want to maintain fertility
- Hysterectomy: Removes the uterus and provides a permanent solution for fibroids
The best treatment depends on your individual needs, and your provider will guide you through the options.
When to See Your OB/GYN
You should schedule an appointment if you experience:
- Heavy or prolonged periods that disrupt your daily life
- Persistent pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying your bladder
- Unexplained fatigue or symptoms of anemia
Early evaluation can help prevent complications and provide relief sooner.
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A Personalized Approach to Fibroid Care
At Ovation OB/GYN, we understand that every woman’s experience with fibroids is different. That’s why we take a personalized, patient-centered approach to care—focusing on your symptoms, goals, and overall health.
Fibroids are common, manageable, and treatable. With the right support and guidance, you can take control of your health and feel confident in your care plan.
If you have questions about fibroids or are experiencing symptoms, don’t wait to seek care. Your health—and your comfort—deserve attention.