An obstetrician-gynecologist (OB/GYN) is a doctor specializing in women’s reproductive health, pregnancy, and childbirth. For many women, an OB/GYN also serves as a primary care physician for specific health concerns. Understanding when to see an OB/GYN from adolescence through menopause can empower women to take proactive steps for their health.
Adolescence and Teenage Years
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends that young women have their first visit with an OB/GYN between the ages of 13 and 15. This initial visit may not include a pelvic exam but will typically cover a general physical assessment, discussion of the menstrual cycle, and an opportunity to establish a relationship with the doctor.
Key reasons for visits during these years include:
- Irregular or very heavy menstrual cycles
- Severe menstrual cramps
- Questions about sexuality, contraception, and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Vaccination for human papillomavirus (HPV)
Reproductive Years
During their reproductive years, women should visit an OB/GYN annually for well-woman exams. These visits are crucial for preventive care and typically include pelvic exams, Pap tests (starting at age 21), breast exams, and screenings for STIs.
Additional reasons for visits during this stage include:
- Preconception counseling
- Pregnancy testing and prenatal care
- Management of menstrual problems or concerns about fertility
- Addressing symptoms of endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Guidance on birth control options
Pregnancy
Upon confirmation of pregnancy, scheduling an appointment with an OB/GYN should be a priority. Prenatal care is essential for monitoring the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. Regular check-ups throughout pregnancy help ensure any potential issues are identified and managed early.
Postpartum Period
After childbirth, follow-up appointments are important to check on the mother’s physical and emotional recovery. The postpartum visit, usually scheduled around six weeks after delivery, allows for assessment of the healing process, discussion of birth control options, and addressing any concerns about postpartum depression or anxiety.
Perimenopause and Menopause
As women enter their 40s and 50s, they may begin to experience the signs of perimenopause. Regular OB/GYN visits remain important for managing symptoms related to hormonal changes, such as hot flashes, mood swings, or changes in bleeding patterns.
Menopause is confirmed after a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. OB/GYN visits during this time focus on preventive health, including bone density tests for osteoporosis, mammograms, and screenings for colon cancer.
Post-Menopausal Years
Women who are post-menopausal should continue to see their OB/GYN for routine care. These visits can address:
- Post-menopausal bleeding, which should always be evaluated
- Continuation of routine cancer screenings
- Management of post-menopausal symptoms
Any Age: Special Circumstances
At any stage of life, women should see their OB/GYN if they experience the following:
- Pelvic, vulvar, or vaginal pain or discomfort
- Unusual discharge, itching, or odor
- Lumps or changes in breast tissue
- Concerns about STIs
An OB/GYN is a partner in a woman’s health journey throughout her life. Regular visits are about more than addressing health problems; they are a form of health maintenance, ensuring that women receive the care and information they need to make informed decisions about their bodies and their well-being. From adolescence through the golden years, a relationship with a trusted OB/GYN can be one of the most significant medical relationships in a woman’s life.
Further Reading:
Cleveland Clinic: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24489-gynecologist