By: Ovation Obstetrics & Gynecology:
At Ovation OB/GYN, your health and peace of mind are our priorities. If you or your provider have discussed a LEEP procedure, you likely have questions about what it is, why it’s recommended, and what to expect before, during, and after the treatment. This guide is designed to walk you through all of those important details so you can approach your care with confidence and clarity.
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What Is a LEEP Procedure?
LEEP stands for Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure. It is a minimally invasive gynecologic treatment used to remove abnormal cells from the cervix — most often cells that could become cancerous if left untreated. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, and changes in cervical cells are often detected through routine Pap tests or follow-up procedures like colposcopy. The LEEP removes a thin layer of tissue using a fine wire loop heated by electric current. This tissue is then sent to a laboratory for further examination.
A LEEP may serve both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. That is, it not only treats abnormal cell changes (dysplasia) but also provides a specimen that pathologists can analyze to better understand the nature and extent of those changes.
Why Might You Need a LEEP?
Your provider may recommend a LEEP based on results from:
- A Pap smear showing moderate to severe abnormal cells, such as CIN 2 or CIN 3 (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia).
- A colposcopy and biopsy indicating abnormal or precancerous tissue.
- Persistent abnormal cells that have not resolved with other treatments.
These abnormal cell changes are often associated with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common infection that can lead to cervical cancer over time if precancerous cells are not managed. A LEEP can reduce that risk by removing the affected tissue before more serious progression occurs.
What to Expect Before the Procedure
Your provider will give you specific instructions before your LEEP, but common preparations include:
- Scheduling timing: It’s often recommended to schedule the procedure when you are not on your period so your cervix can be seen clearly.
- Avoiding certain products or activities: For at least 24 hours before your appointment, you should avoid sex, tampons, douching, or vaginal medications, as these can affect the procedure site.
- Disclosing medications and health conditions: Tell your provider about any medications you take — especially blood thinners — as well as allergies, pregnancy status, or pelvic infections.
- Pain management advice: Your clinician may suggest an over-the-counter pain reliever before the procedure to minimize discomfort.
There is generally no need to fast before a LEEP, and most patients may eat and drink normally unless instructed otherwise.
What Happens During a LEEP
A LEEP is usually performed in the office and typically takes 10–20 minutes. It involves several steps:
- Positioning: You’ll lie on an exam table as you would for a pelvic exam.
- Numbing: A local anesthetic is injected into the cervix to minimize discomfort. Some patients feel a pinch or sting from the injection.
- Visualization: A speculum holds the vagina open, and a vinegar or iodine solution may be applied to highlight abnormal areas.
- Tissue removal: A fine, electrified wire loop trims the abnormal area of the cervix. You may feel pressure, warmth, or mild cramping, but pain is generally minimized by the anesthetic.
- Hemostasis: After removal, your provider may apply a medicated solution to control bleeding.
Once complete, the loop-excised tissue is sent to a laboratory for diagnostic evaluation.
What to Expect After the LEEP
Recovery varies from person to person, but most women resume normal activities within a few days. You may experience:
- Mild cramping, similar to menstrual cramps.
- Light bleeding or spotting for several days to weeks.
- Vaginal discharge as the cervix heals.
To promote healing and reduce the risk of complications, follow your provider’s instructions, which commonly include:
- Avoiding tampons, douching, or anything inserted into the vagina for about four weeks.
- Refraining from vaginal intercourse until your clinician advises it is safe.
- Avoiding heavy lifting and vigorous exercise for at least one week.
Use a sanitary pad rather than tampons to manage bleeding or discharge. Contact your clinic immediately if you experience heavy bleeding, fever, foul-smelling discharge, or severe abdominal pain, as these could be signs of infection or other complications.
Risks and Follow-Up Care
LEEP is considered a very safe and effective procedure, but like any medical intervention, it carries some risks. Potential risks include:
- Infection or bleeding.
- Scarring or narrowing of the cervix, which may affect future Pap testing.
- Impact on future pregnancies, such as a slightly increased risk of preterm birth, especially if significant tissue is removed.
Your provider will recommend a follow-up plan, which may include repeat Pap and HPV testing to ensure that abnormal cells do not recur.
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A LEEP procedure is a well-established, effective way to remove abnormal cervical cells and prevent progression toward cervical cancer. With careful preparation, clear expectations, and supportive aftercare, many women undergo this procedure with minimal disruption to their lives. If you have questions or concerns about whether LEEP is the right option for you, Ovation OB/GYN is here to discuss your health history, explain your choices, and provide personalized care.
Contact us today to schedule an appointment or to learn more about cervical health and treatment options.